Evidence base practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence base practice - Essay simulationSo, as a team, we are under a supervision of a superintendent who is in accommodate of all the professionals working under him. The nursing practice guideline in our facility strongly advocates for sane decision making based on facts and evidences that can be relied upon at all times (Tschudin, 2011). i is always required to act on well-researched evidence while discharging their duties both in the emergency and outgrowth rooms. These are critical areas that do not need one to rush in action, but to be a patient, consultative team player who acknowledges and is ready to seek the opinion of other professionals (Melnyk, 2011). The management of the hospital emphasizes these points since it is what can help in delivering patient-oriented services as we strive to satisfy their diverse needs. After all, a nurse should also be ready to discharge duties of a researcher who looks for knowledge, apply and disseminate it to others for the pursuit of improving the patients health

Intoduction to HRM 3 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Intoduction to HRM 3 - Coursework ExampleThe emphasis is on improving performance and retention for the employee as salutary as improving the performance of the company according to the spick-and-span vision statement of Nowhere else makes you witness this good. coffee shop Company wants to regain market share and believes that the way to do that is to provide tools to the person who is in direct contact with the node the barista (Green and Duncan n.d.). The oerall aim and learning objectives (Green and Duncan n.d. Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright 2003) The barista will see clearly how strong their value is in creating the ultimate experience as a barista around the globe at Cafe Company (Oakland and Oakland 1998) Each red-hot barista will adopt the vision statement that Cafe Company creates the shell coffee experience in the world by stating, Nowhere else makes you feel this good Each new barista will have the skills and the coffee know-how to do prepare basic coffees p er customer request. The barista will adopt the skills as taught at the two-day session ensuring the barista will be able to provide the ultimate coffee experience for the customer By providing the ultimate coffee experience for the customer, the barista will be capable of retaining the existing customers and win over new customers. How this teach programme will improve the performance of the employees Mathis and Jackson (1991) Noe et al. ... This is referred to as a systems nestle to training. Previously, there has been nothing formal. The new employee was essentially left to their own devices or if they lucked out and happened to get partnered with an experient barista they may succeed. To deter the level of turnover in the locations, this training programme will provide a solid jumping off spot for all new colleagues to ensure they have the basic tools of a professional barista. Creating an experience for a customer is not the same as simply making a cup of coffee. Learning th e difference and creating that experience is what this training is all about. Timetable for Two Days Programme, Timing and Resources The timetable is outline using the tables for each day below. The resources needed will be a formal training subject such as a classroom size room large enough to fit 12 16 people comfortably. Based on the training model provided the class will need main course to an area to make coffees that is not a live coffee house at the time the training takes place (Mathis and Jackson 1991). The training is structured over two days and includes a multitude of pass over speakers rather than residing solely on Human Resources or Training and Development personnel. Access to these staff and capital of New Hampshire from the authorities these staff report to that they will be present and available and focused on the new Baristas will be vital for the success of this model. This model also requires that a Barista training manual be designed with the core compone nts of customer service, quality, cleanliness and coffee know-how. This manual may be a hard copy, scarcely could be purely electronic as well. This will serve as a ready book of facts for information provided in this session as well as future training

Elements of a Contract Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elements of a Contract - designation ExampleBall parks atomic number 18 not included in an lead. It does not request for proposals of a letter of intent. Indicating general intent to launch into a contract and inviting persons, to give their posts is what constitutes an invitation to treat. An widen goes beyond true display of intent. For instance, displaying cars in a motor vehicle shop together with their impairments does not constitute an offer waiting for interested customers to walk in and bear the offer. Rather, it be makes an offer when a customer comes and selects the car of the price they want and goes to pay for it. The motor vehicle seller will then decide to, either accept the offer, or not. A contract that has a high value has a longer time of offer (Blum, 2007). Acceptance Acceptance is an expression by the person who receives the offer that they have accepted it. Acceptance postulate to be an absolute and unconditional concordment that a person will abide by the equipment casualty spelt out in the offer(Drake, 2007). The person who gave the offer needs to see to it that the person receiving it has understood it well. It ought to come before the expiry of the period of offer. Otherwise, acceptance can only be valid after the effrontery time of offer has lapsed if the one giving the offer renews that period. Where the time of the offer has been stated as reasonable, usually, the circumstances of such a case will define what is reasonable. If there are conditions devoted to the acceptance or the terms of the offer changes, the convoluted parties are negotiating. effective consideration shape is undeniable in order to make the contract valid. Parties exchange promises or make an act as to the agreement. Consideration is what makes such an arrangement binding. Consideration denotes some form of benefit to the one who is making the offer and a corresponding cost to the one accepting the offer. It could be monetary, some form of right o r interest. The parties agree on how much consideration is adequate. This consideration needs to be something valuable. Such an agreement is subject to the courts decision making whether to enforce it, especially with regard to the adequacy of the consideration(Helewitz, 2007). A past promise cannot be a consideration. It is moldiness either a new promise or benefit in exchange of the offer. Capacity A valid contract is between competent parties. Legal capacity is defined by several factors. in that respect are people who are not free to enter into a valid contract, and their consent is enured specially. People who have mental impairment may not understand the terms of a contract. Legal capacity of mentally impaired people will largely depend on whether there is a genuine consent. Since consent depends on an individuals understanding of a contract, the complexity or easiness of a contract matters(Burton, 2009). Courts may have to come in if it is established that the individual who was making the offer knew of the disability of the contracted person and was out to take advantage of them. The contract can also be suspended if the benefit that the second party received has not been sold to another that was not involved in the contract. If it had been sold, the third party is informed of the possible outcomes so as not to be bandaged by the contract. There are some people with mental impairments who are assisted by administrators that are legally appointed for them. Such people cannot enter contracts freely

Technologies Contribute in High School Education Research Proposal

Technologies Contribute in High School Education - Research Proposal ExampleFrom the discussion it is clear thattoday, many towering schools do not have enough computers, this being a major shortcoming to the utter desegregation of applied science in learning initiative equally, the utilization of the resource available is to a minimum. In fact, top-level counsel sees no need of increasing the technology resources since the teachers or students put in a little labor in making economic consumption of the laptops and computers present additionally, most of them make random excuses for this, the main being the sentiment of time.According to the study findingsmeaningfully, teachers abilities and aw areness play a significant role in the depth at which the technology resources apply in the learning of high school students today. Most of the teachers, who have taught for a long time, are more reluctant to applying technology as compared to new recruits mainly because of the advancem ents that are there in their training. all in all institutions and teachers require taking consideration of technology as a factor of edification since most students line of battle interest with most of them purchasing laptops and tablet computers that are clear indication that they are willing to use them.The main objective is proposing ways to improve education and learning for high students through technology, and utilizing the available resources much(prenominal) as schools computers and students laptops. However, availing these resources is not enough and additional factors require consideration i.e. teachers skills and incentives to engage in the same.

Corporate Social Responsibility Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate Social Responsibility - Case Study ExampleIt has been found out that the telephoner should immediately take initiatives to engage in more innovative and benefit reaping CSR activities so as to improve its socially responsible design and ensure its long-term sustainability.Shell Oil political party is the American subsidiary of the multinational vegetable fossil oil major friendship, Royal Dutch Shell. The Royal Dutch Shell is an oil company of Anglo-Dutch origin and is one of the largest oil corporations in the world. The head office of Shell Oil Company is in Houston, Texas. The company along with its share in the equity companies and the consolidated companies is one of the leading oil and inbred gas producing businesses in the United States of America. The company is also engaged in the business of natural gas marketing, petrochemical manufacturing, and gasoline marketing. The main products sold by the company include fuels, oils, and oil card services. The compa ny also deals with the production, exploration, and refining of natural oil and petroleum products.For this purpose, the corporate social responsibility initiatives taken up by Shell Company and the main motives of the corporation for adopting these CSR practices are discussed. The outcomes of the CSR activities are evaluated as per the effects of the several(predicate) internal and external stakeholder groups and a discussion is made on how these activities have shaped up the image and reputation of the company among the global stakeholder groups. The report is concluded by providing suitable recommendations as to how the chosen company can improve the brand reputation by engaging in more innovative CSR initiatives.

Marshall & Gordon Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marshall & Gordon - appellative ExamplePublic Relations regulars across the world provide a wide range of serve that argon aimed at improving and managing the reputation of a political partys brands, products, closes and services. However, familiar transaction securely are currently facing cans of challenges as they carry on their work. Public relations consultants jobs were antecedently underestimated to be that of creating and issuing of press releases, whereby the PRs had the task of looking for connections with media personalities so that their articles could be placed well in articles. The main aim of doing this was to enhance and sell their products to the public well. This is not the case currently as firms are consolidating through mergers and acquisition they are also working hard to develop global competencies and expertise to be able to serve clients who are multinational and the powerful social media. This has helped the PR firms to grow a constituent and divers ify into new(prenominal) extensions of PR services such as handling cases of reputation management. The firms also try on to increase their annual growth to a significant digit. The main objective in writing this memoranda is analyzing the issues that are associated with the public relations industry using the case of Marshall& Gordon and the challenges its facing in implementing its requital system. Introduction The Marshall& Gordon Company is an international organization that was founded out of a merger between Marshall, a firm based in Atlanta and Gordon based in New Orleans. The merged firm came into organism in 1950s and made its strategic decisions regarding its focus on communications, branding of products and creation of portfolios, with its headquarters resettled to New York. In 1962, the Marshall& Gordon firm was acquired by PTG, an international firm that was widely recognized in its publicizing proceeds, the way it carried out its public relations and its media comp anies. By 1999, the firm had gone international and got its offices in various continents, with a enormous person famous for renowned implementation of media tools and innovation in public relations innovation as the CEO. She really helped the firm to grow a lot through her good prowess in the PR activities. The Marshall &Gordon PR has since then assisted early(a) firms to grow particularly where they have challenges and issues with the PR section. The company grows fast with its annual growth superseding that of former years in its advertising and branding of products. However, the company is currently facing several challenges which have turned out to be most of its weaknesses. The companys strength lies in the prowess of the CEO, who has great skill in public relations hence can make decisions that will have great beneficial impact on the companys reputations. She has also assisted other firms to grow in the decisions that she assists them to make, this has earned the company a lot of respect especially from other PR firms that recognize the company. The fact that the firm has several offices in other continents is a good sign that the company has grown and expanded its business activities this is another strength and hazard for the firm. The companys early decisions to venture into public relations has made it get connections with other great firms from which it has benefited a lot. The company also has strong production, branding and selling of its products however, it has failed in the way it markets its products. The weakness of the firm is in its lateral hires of people who are neither mentoring on any of its associates nor developing any of its clients. The other thing regarding the marketing of its products is the issue of developing an effective hire system for its clients and public relations consultants. The compensation sys

Romanticism And Realism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Romanticism And Realism - Assignment ExampleTherefore, even though not necessary or fundamental to Romanticism, but so extensive as to be normative, was a sturdy solid belief and awareness in the significance of nature. It later on, allowed it to push painting rough out of the focus of art. Romanticism, for a time, dominated art, particularly in France during the later periods of the 1700s and the early 1800s. Then, at nearly the middle of the nineteenth century, the effect of many societal dynamisms caused artistic palate to change from idealistic romanticism to realism, starting in France in the 1850s. Realism in France emerged subsequent to the 1848 Revolution. These realists put themselves straight against romanticism. The emotional and exaggerated qualities of Romanticism began to break up European art. (S. Decline of Romanticism End of the Century, Turn of the Century. Akadmiai Kiad, 1970, p. 1) After a time of a loosened form of the expression and depiction of subjects in art, there was a fasten that occurred.At large, realists concentrated more on ordinary, run-of-the-mill characters, situations, places, problems, and objects, all in a true-to-life order or approach in depicting it. Realists discarded exaggerated or melodramatic portrayal or depiction of emotion, grand subjects, in favor of commonplace motifs or themes. After a time, artists like Monet and others started to sprightliness that actual realism did not truly present the creative nature of the emotion. They grew exhausted of producing art for the loaded and desired something much more. Simplicity substituted technique and method. Thus, they showed the impression of the scene, allowing the realism to be interpreted by the viewer. This battlefront that arose from Realism is known as Impressionism. Realism during the 1800s also supported an art movement called Naturalism, as a response to the exaggerated representations of themes in Romanticism. Indeed, Romanticism and realism were

Compare and contrast the 7S and Mintzberg's configuration models of Essay

Comp atomic number 18 and contrast the 7S and Mintzbergs configuration models of organisations - Essay ExampleHenry Mintzberg intensify cheekal design literature by suggesting different forms of brass instruments (Clegg, 3-7). McKinsey 7s model explains how an organisation goes about analyzing how well it is positioned to touch its intended objective. This model has remained persistent over the years because it is applicable in wide range situations where an confederation perspective is useful (Strategic management journal 279). Regardless of how an organization decides to define its scope of operations, alignment issues apply, make the model significant. Organisations being complex, this model eases the difficulty in understanding them, and helps to understand them, consequently yielding uttermost benefit and profitability (Clegg, 27). Description Mintzberg defines organisational social system as, the total number of ways in which an organization distributes its labor into di stinctive parts and then attains harmonization amongst them. He argues that each configuration comprises of six constituents, which ar (Clegg, 23-29) Operating core The human labor directly linked to the manufacturing of goods and services Calculated apex aid the necessities of the people in the organisation Intermediate line Managers who link the premeditated apex with the operating entire Techno-structure The expert who scheme, plot, modify or train the operating fundamental Support staff Professionals who deliver criminal maintenance to the organisation external of the operating cores undertakings Ideology Philosophies and customs that make the organisation exceptional. all(prenominal) one of the above part is in control to tug an organization in a unique(predicate) way which is advantageous to them. As a result, Mintzberg presents organisation configuration framework with six valid organizational configurations. They are (Clegg 31-89) Entrepreneurial organization This is a simple structure characterized by little or no techno-structure few support staff, minimal division of labor and work differentiation and little managerial hierarchy. in that location is no formal behavior, thus coordination is simple with direct supervision. This is the most starting point of many organizations (Davidson 46). machine bureaucracy Comprises of high specialized, routine operating tasks, very formal procedures, proliferation of rules, regulations, and formalized communication throughout the organization and reliance on functional basis for grouping tasks. There is centralized decision-making and an elaborate administrative structure with clear distinctions between line and staff. It houses the specialists who do the standardizing. Machine bureaucracy is mostly found in board or old organizations, large enough to have repetitive and standardized tasks. Managers at this level are not problem solving, rather, they concentrate on enhancing work processes to generate mo re output efficiently (Hardling, et al 33). Professional organization This bureaucracy depends on the synchronization on the adjustment of skills. It employs duly accomplished experts or professionals for the operational core, and gives them significant control over their exertion. They work autonomously of their coworkers, but, closely to the customers they attend (Semler, 47). Previously

Marketing, Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Marketing, - Assignment ExampleDue to the maintenance of high quality in its provender products, the fraternity has grown quite popular in the bakery market in the UK and has consistently beingness awarded with a lot of prestigious awards both of national as well as international level.The scheme has segregated its functions in two fronts. One front comprises of handling the manufacturing of the highly diversified product lines magic spell the other one concentrates on handling the orders for the product lines from the international marketsThe company is very established and has tierce sites in the UK region, of which two of them are used for manufacturing of product lines spot the third one acts as a centre for international distribution of the companys highly demanded and much sought after products. The company currently caters to the demands of bakery products arising out of UK and European region and supplies their products to retailers and wholesalers of the region. For t he purpose of gaining as well as maintaining dominance in the local bakery market, the company started to provide their product offering to various national level wholesalers and retailers in the UK region like Batley, Makro, Asda, Morrisons, etc. As of the recent times, the company by the process of functional with key sparkners in the international front has a significant amount of market presence in around 10 countries in the European arena. (Perfection Foods Ltd, 2012). Market Overview The Bakery sector is one of the most comfortable sectors for business and high returns on investment as the bread and bakery items forms a significant part of the diet for the population of UK. Talking on the point of consumption of bakery products, it can be utter that 99% of the total number of households of the UK market buys and consumes bakery products on a regular and daily basis. (bakersfederation.org.uk, 2012) In the recent day, the bakery market of the UK region is worth of around 3. 4 billion pounds and comprises of the largest market of the UK food industry. Discussing on a more micro level fact, it can be essentially highlighted that the total volume of manufacturing in the bakery market of the UK region is around 4 billion units. The UK market for bread and bakery products essentially comprises of three kinds of manufacturers. Large scale bakeries comprises of around 80% of the total production of bread and bakery products while another 17% of the production happens in instore bakeries of large retailers as well as supermarket. The remaining 3% of the production happens from the production contributed by various master bakers contributing to the bakery industry (Bakersfoundation.org.uk, 2012). The market trends of the antecedent years show that around the year 2011, the household

The Masquerade nightclub Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The masque nightclub - Essay ExampleThis site offers friends the opportunity to procure tickets to shows online. Information about the club is also present. Conveniently located in downtown Atlanta, the Masquerade has been the hot spot since 1989. One of the outstanding qualities of the club is the live music. The music played live and DJ spun is not mainstream music. Although at that place are some local band the open other acts at the Masquerade, most of the music is from realized bands. The booking information for the website states Currently, the Masquerade provides services to clients living in or visiting Atlanta, Georgia. They have effected a presence in the downtown market through local advertising vehicles, frequenter endorsements, and the Internet. solely of the Masquerades supporting administrative duties is handled by computer (i.e., appointments, billing, purchases, etc.). The Internet targets the high tech patron of the Masquerade. As mentioned before the Masque rade has created a website at http//www.masq.com. The advantages of the development of a website are The scope of this vomit up will be to create a better web-based interface for the Masquerades customers. Currently the Masquerade has a basic website that is updated regularly, but lacks in depth, interesting hyperlinks. Hyperlinks for the different bands would help the Masquerades patron better understand what tickets they are buying. This would help the Masquerade promote their live acts more efficiently. User user interface is the connection between Masquerade, patrons, and bands.

SHRM Terms and Models in Organizational Strategy Essay - 1

SHRM Terms and Models in Organizational Strategy - Essay Example1. The SHRM approach focuses on types of people and skills needed, while the strengths found approach applies a wider perspective. It draws not on skills or things that people are good at, but on strengths which are defined as pre existing capacities for a particular manner of behaving, thinking or feeling that is authentic and energising to the user and enables optimal functioning, development and performance. 2. SHRM is relate with the contributions human resource strategies make to organisational effectiveness, and the ways in which these contributions are achieved (see Boxall & Purcell, 2000 and Delery & Shaw, 2001). The strengths based approach see with regard to the SHRM model, is also a human resource dodging to increase organizational effectiveness. It fits the best pattern model that is advocated by SHRM scholars who have suggested that a single high performance human resource strategy (HPHRS) enhances or ganizational effectiveness regardless of organizational goals, work systems, or context (Becker & Huselid, 1998 Pfeffer, 1998). In this sense the strengths based approach can be seen as HPHRS since the focus is not on achieving a set organizational goal or being concerned with work systems or context, the idea is to change the organizational finishing so that overall business performance improves (case study). However achievement of certain goals may still be targeted as seen in the case study where the board is allotted projects according to their strengths.

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction Essay

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction - Essay employmentWith the development of human civilization, mechanical reproduction of a work of art was introduced. It had given a refreshful direction to the work of art both in scale and perception. With the passage of time, new and improved techniques were essential to reproduce or replicate the work of art. The woodcut graphic art was the runner form of consistent art. Later, the printing was introduced. Printing had brought an enormous change both in literature and ancient script. During the Middle Ages grave and etching were added to the woodcut and at the beginning of the 19th century lithography made its appearance (Benjamin, 42). Lithography, enabled the graphic artists first time, to put its products on the market non only in large numbers as hitherto, exclusively also in daily changing forms. Nevertheless, it could not sustain too long as afterwards a few decades lithography was surpassed buy photography. Ph otography, along with technical reproduction of sound later around 1900, not only accelerated the process of technical reproduction of art, but also brought it to a standard where either visual or auditory images of art can appear and disappear at a open movement of hand. It also shadowed its strong impact on society and captured a place of its protest among the artistic processes.

Nursing Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Research - Essay ExampleCritiquing a question work, therefore, involves a careful examination of all aspects of the study, to assess its strength, limitations, meanings and relevance, in a bid to gain adequate up to date knowlight-emitting diodege, improve practice and provide essential data necessary for further studies (Hek, 1996 Burns and Grove, 1999).1. occupation Statement The study was conducted to evaluate patients satisfaction with two different routes of follow-up monitoring care for patients with run-down Arthritis - Primary care settings involving a General Practitioner and/or practice nurse, and Secondary care settings involving a specialist team inwardly hospitals and including case management by a Rheumatology Nurse Specialist (RNS). This interrogation problem is of great importance to the nursing profession, as it evaluates patients satisfaction to vary nursing service delivery.2. reckon Purpose The purpose of the research was to compare Rheumatoid Arthri tis patients satisfaction with a General Practitioner led native care and a Rheumatology Nurse Specialist (RNS) led secondary care settings. ... it can be inferred from the study aim that the research question would be something like Are patients more satisfied with first care or secondary care settings for follow-up care and monitoring4. Hypothesis/Hypotheses Hypothesis is a statement, which predicts the performance of a verifiable occurrence in certain conditions, based upon theoretical considerations (Stevens et al, 1993).The hypothesis of this research was not stated, also however, the main hypothesis the research appear to be testing was Rheumatoid Arthritis patients parturiency disease modifying antirheumatic therapy (DMARDS) are more satisfied with follow up monitoring and care provided by specialized nurse-led secondary care settings.5. Study Variables The two main variables of the research, as identified by the researchers are primary and secondary monitoring of patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis undertaking DMARDS.6. Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework This study was guided theoretically by the former exploratory study carried out by the same authors, which indicated factors such as location and empathy, information provision, continuity of care etc influenced patients satisfaction with care received. The present study sought to explore these qualities within the context of primary and secondary care. 7. Review of Related Literature According to Massey (1995), the essence of a belles-lettres review is to analyze what has been said so far and thus demonstrate what is known about a research problem, and, in the process establish the need for the current study. The authors of this study contend that there was a lack of adequate literatures that relates to the satisfaction of rheumatology patients with monitoring follow-up. They identified and reviewed only three articles. However, one can press

Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Entrepreneurship - Assignment ExampleThere be several applications that atomic number 50 provide a better outlook part ensuring that there is the skill to receive better alternatives with the competition. By working with a consultant, there is the ability to analyze and identify the problems which ar occurring in a business organization as well as change several aspects to ensure that easier functioning occurs. When looking at the event with News 4 U, it pot be seen that alterations in the main system will also take to heart with a higher profit, ability to grow substantially and will help with alternatives in the business and the necessarily that are associated with this. 1.1 Company Background News4u is a family newsagent business which was established in 2006 by Tanveer Ahmed. The nonsymbiotic sole trader is located in Southbridge of Edinburgh. There are four members of staff to help to slip by the business and to help assist with the store who are all members within t he family, News4u is open daily for xiv hours between the hours of 8-10pm. The newsagents provides to their customers daily products such as News papers, cigarettes, juice, crisps, stationary and a wide variety of economical Souvenirs. 1.2 Problem Background There are two areas that are continuing to provide complexities with News 4 U one which is based on the internal environment, and one which is based on the outcome from the extraneous environment. The internal environment is currently having issues with the staff, specifically because of the small size of the business. There isnt the ability to bear on enough staff available for continuous shopping and to meet the demands of those that are in the store. This has created complexities in property the shop open for a longer period of time and is not allowing customers to receive the necessary support. check to this problem are also issues with the paper work, which is currently out of date, and doesnt provide a organized way for employees and those overlooking the business to keep up with the changes being made in the store. The second train of problems is based on the return from customers as well as the inability to keep up with competitors who are offering similar alternatives. Promotional deals are not providing the right alternatives for those working within the store. There are also difficulties with customers that are shopping in the store, specifically because of a lack of space that is available and a layout which is not conducive to seeing the variety of items which are available. By examining these aspects, there will be the ability to change the way in which the News 4 U works and to make the return more effective from customers and into relation to the competition. 2.0 Problem Exposition When looking at the particular problems with News 4 U, it can be seen that there needs to be an alteration first in the internal environment while connecting this to more efficient means with the external

Report Detailing Network Solution for Extension Site Assignment

Report Detailing meshwork Solution for Extension Site - Assignment ExampleThe router should have a minimum of three interfaces. The introductory interface connects directly to the server. The second interface provides a connection to the sub meshings while the other one connects to the internet for synchronization with the remote back-up servers, and entropybases. This takes place while also allowing the system to synchronize with standard orbiculate time. The fixed port switch provides connectivity from the router to the hosts. This switch should be able to sustain the traffic on the network.The network should also support role, video and data to be transmitted simultaneously over the network. The transmission of voice and data volition facilitate communication on the network and exchange of information. The users are divided into 4 subnets that support an approximate equal number of hosts. This can be classified according to departments. It will emend communication betwee n the users.The network should also allow flexibility and easy addition of new nodes such as the universitys school of nursing extension site. The initial set up supports 24 hosts and these will be divided into the subnets. They should however facilitate the growth of the network, which involves the increase in data traffic and resultant increase in user activity (Alexander, 2004). The use of a local file server helps carry away the data in the network. It is essential that the network have a local server for effective data management.The use of the outlined equipment will help save on costs for developing the network that supports a few users and can deliver efficiently. The networks design allows for scalability because growth in any unveiling is

How to Relieve Stress and Anxiety Through Yoga Essay Example for Free

How to Relieve Stress and Anxiety done Yoga EssayStress is an inevitable part of life. Our jobs, families and friends are constant potential sources of examine in our lives. stack are constantly on the search for ways to chaw with their stress. Yoga has been proven as a mean of dealing with stress so in this essay I will discuss how yoga has been used to deal with stress and anxiety. By definition, Yoga is a Hindu spiritual and ascetic discipline, a part of which, including breath control, unproblematic meditation, and the adoption of specific bodily postures, is widely practiced for health and unwindation. I feel that it is a very calming and soothing form of exercise that also manages to improve health, flexibility and thought-processing skills. When people are stressed or suffering from anxiety, they tend to think slight logically, sleep less, eat unhealthily and practice less exercise. However, dealing with ones stress is the best idea in improving ones lifestyle so, yoga is a practical resolvent for these issues. Specifically, yoga is more than than just stretching. It loosens up the tense muscles in the body (due to the vast amounts of stretching) especially (the high stress areas) the neck, the shoulders and the back.It combines a loosening the muscles with regular deep breathing and relaxation of the mind. When practicing yoga, one must always persist in in the moment, it is one of the key phrases of the activity. When people are stressed they constantly think of their future(a) upcoming unfoundedlines rather than focusing on the now. Yoga manages to relax the person by allowing you to think solely on the moment. When in a yoga pose you only think of the current pose and how it should match your breathing, thinking and balance.You jargoon think of your pose if youre thinking of your problems therefore, the poses are designed to make you think ab come out the moment so you gutter successfully accomplish them. In doing so, you become s o involved in your pose that you leave behind about the issues which caused you stress in the first place. Also, yoga emphasizes slow deep breathing which, in itself, is a representation of dealing with anxiety therefore already helping the person to relax. This means that one of the core features of yoga is already a means of solving anxiety. Breathing is the key to yoga stress management.Instructors encourage people to focus on their breathing because it allows you to focus on something other than your stress. Listening to your own breath makes your problems seem further out-of-door because you pay more attention to your core self rather than your external issues. Every yoga class ends with a corpse pose. This pose is designed for deep relaxation. After undergoing several challenging poses that really stretch out the tense muscles, the corpse pose (or playing dead) allows your body to re-adjust whilst also relaxing the mind.Whilst playing dead I tend to not think about anything and just flow with the music like a pebble flowing in the river. This is possibly the most relaxing phase of yoga because of motionlessness of the body after an severe session. This phase can be so relaxing that many people even tend to devolve asleep. This is clearly a sign that yoga works because, stressed people do not sleep easily. As college students, yoga can be very useful at peak times such as beforehand class, before a test or before going to bed.Before a test you can easily do some neck and shoulder rolls and relieve yourself. Before bed, if you have a flock of things on your mind, you can do a few stretches (maintaing them for 3 to 4 full breaths) and thus relax yourself enough to sleep comfortably without any impending thoughts. In conclusion, I feel that yoga is very useful for stress and anxiety relief. In my personal experience, yoga has helped me become a less stressed and thus more comfortable person because I have found an escape as a college student from the , occasionally, everyday and monotonous routine.

Organizing a Trade Fair with Fresh Graduates Essay Example for Free

Organizing a clientele Fair with Fresh Graduates EssayOrganizing a flip fair requires sustained efforts from a cap fitted police squad that needs to posses some experience in the field of sales, a good acknowledgment of the products promoted and their features, developed communicating skills, correctness and objectivity. Given that the trade fair forget be prepared with the participation of fresh graduates that do not possess any experience in the field, this criteria go out be replaced with their major specialization. As such, as the trade fair is open to the humankind, (it grants access to all interested viewers and the press), the personnel in weight of organizing it lead be sub landmarkd into four teams a team in charge of the budget, a team intervention the logistics of the trade (renting the space, insuring the transportation means and display of the products), a team that presents the products to the potential customers and a team for public relations (meet the gues ts at entrance, hand out fliers and other promotional materials, attend the press conference and let up statements regarding the trade, products and organization in general. In order to select those employees that possess the required capabilities to fortunately and timely organize the fair, the project coach will divide them into four groups, according to the four teams needed, based on their educational background. As such, the budget team will be formed out of accounting graduates the logistics team will be formed of management graduates the team in charge of presenting the products will be made up of technical graduates and the PR team will consist of communication or mass-media graduates. To determine the skills necessary for the booming and timely completion of the trade fair, the manager will analyze the organization of past events that have generated successful outcomes and establish the core requirements for the team.Furthermore, he will engage in conversations with other managers that have organized trade fairs in order to get a first hand insight on organizing such an event. He will then step-by-step analyze the process and identify the skills needed at each direct (budget development, logistics, product presentation and PR). Once he has identified the required skills, he will compare them with the period skills possessed by the members of his team, and where the team lacks, he will propose improvements. To get an informed data on the skills currently possessed by his team, the project manager will analyze the education background of his personnel, divide them into teams accordingly and test the capabilities of the team members end-to-end simulations of concrete situations and theoretical testings. The team in charge of developing the trade fair budget will be formed from accounting graduates. The members skills will be theoretically analyzed from the view points of their graduation marks, their capabilities of solving theoretical problem s regarding annual budgets and multiple choice tests of accounting. Furthermore, they will be subjected to practical tasks regarding the correct development of budgets. Based on the results, the project manager will be able to get a clear insight on the capabilities of each team member. To test the skills of the logistics team, the project manager will present the team members with organizational concerns and demand solutions to the problems presented. Based on the solutions proposed by the personnel, the manager will identify the capabilities of each team member and their core competencies, properly directing them towards subdivisions of logistics. The product team will be tested in regard to their knowledge of the products presented, their features and functionality. The testing will be done throughout written tests as well as throughout simulations of concrete situations in which customers inquire about the products on display. The PR team will be subjected to written tests regar ding their behavior towards customers and the press, and also to simulations of concrete situations.BibliographyWikipedia, The Free Online Encyclopedia, dole out Fair, April 4, 2007http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_fair, last accessed on April 16, 2007

IT Professional Presentation Essay Example for Free

IT Professional Presentation EssayPresentations atomic f any 18 meant to be professional with a lot of cause required in the structuring of speech and the assurance of lay crossways the right capacity. Professionals in any field or walk of life penury to bring a good speech which would make them better donationers and whence a mark come toable organism among either the disparatewise employees. An organic law has hundreds and thousand and some clips even much than that employee in number. To make i self noticeable in the eyes of the one that matter, makes a lot of difference in the c beer growth. Hard work is something that everyone does nevertheless few argon those who argon able to present it in a manner that enables the top officials to notice you. in that respect be some(prenominal) ways to present and presentations argon becoming increasingly common in todays beingness. PowerPoint and Flash be the most utilized of solely simply written manner of a ssistance and even plain verbal speech is also presentation. All these means of presenting are reassert depending on the situations and the matter to be presented. Hence, it is not the material that matters to a large extent precisely its what you say right at the right time is what matters. IntroductionInformation system dirty dog be any organised combination of hatful, hardware, software, communication networks, and data resources that collects, transforms, and disseminates information in an organisation. Like any other system operates within an environs, information system and engineering science are very authoritative in modern-day problem organization, beca drug abuse they contrive become a significant component for success in any organisation, such(prenominal) as university, healthcare centre and family. However these are the most important and vital in profits transmission line area because it cannot be managed without information system and engine room.In addi tion internet business can amplification their sales and profits by implicating efficient and effective e-commerce which is one of major parts of information system. There are big names that are involved with the IT industry such as the Amazon. com which is solely an internet found company. Other multinationals such as McDonalds are also involved in it despite being a fast food organization. Brief information asking the two organizations are as follows. Critical summary of the Presentations Things they are Achangin-1 talk around the computer and Information engineering science details.It starts off with telling the memory cognitive content of a computer. The antithetical memories and the capacities that a computer and its hardware has, is explained in the presentation. Along with that it talks about the computer networking and the usage of broadband. It had become increasingly famous and popular in the current years and most of the people in the world accept it. Things the y are Achangin-2 on the other hand talks about other energy sources such as batteries and cars and how their mechanism works.These two mentioned sources pose also become increasingly important all every sic their years for day to day life. Along with that it has compared their mechanical sources with human body and head teacher and has talked about the structure of a robotic body. Delivery Channel Strategy Delivery Channel Strategy defines the objective of pitching channel which are Projecting and representing the brand defending and developing the active consumer base, obtaining new clients and meeting inborn service needs. It also talks about the benefits of branches, which branches are used more for financial go and why.It explains self servicing and explains the benefits of automated machines which empower the customers. It schools into storey the different product used by the financial institutions and their usage. secern Implications of Delivery Strategies In order to have an effective suffery strategy, one needs to take into account all the aspects that come onwards that as vigorous in order to execute the plan in the most effective manner practical. The following delivery handle is explained with an example of Amazon. com, the online trading place. a) Goods, products, ecommerce solutionIt started off as a book store with an online presence but later on it kept on adding products in its portfolio and nowadays they have different categories in which they divide their products into such as Books, Music and Movies, wearable and Accessories, Computer Office, Consumer Electronics, Food and Household, Health and Beauty, Home and Garden, Kids and Toys, Sports and Fitness, Tools and Automotives, Bargains and Gifts and inclination of an orbit. There are further bifurcations within these categories as well which fractures further variety to the customers.There services are divided into the categories of Make Money, For the Community, For Deve lopers, For Advertisers and Partner run. .A9. com caters to the information content requirement which is a search engine present instantaneously on the Amazon. com. (Amazon, 2007). b) Performance and services The existence of the web pose over this long period of time indicates its force and the level of customer satisfaction. The website is very well put in concert so that the customer can easily find their way through to their desired destination. Amazon. com, BN. com, and Half.com arent acquiring any complaints at all because they are very simple to use and to understand. Each of these web sites are made for the computer illiterate or notwithstanding plain lazy (B2C e-commerce forge and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). c) Personalization The site lay out of the website is also user friendly and it takes no time to find where one wants to go unlike the complicated sites which are hard to browse. It offers the customer to personalize by offering a sho p cart just like an actual shopping mall to create a sense of personalization.They have many products and services and different categories of all their items. They also have the option to make Your Store, this is where they store all the information that you like the best and what products you are most interested in (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). This gives a sense of individuality to the customers wanting them to come back for a reprimand. d) Communities and Look and Feel Amazon. com also offers see forums for the customers in order to discuss their views and opinions.This is also one reason for the customers to visit the website. Internet Chat Headset fabrication is one of the examples of their chat forums and virtual customer online communities. The storefront of Amazon. com has been rated high as it offers a number of varieties on the page and also provides clear layout for the customer to assess where they are required to go. e) Incentives Amazon. com offers different incentives to the customers such as bargains of Friday Sales, Todays Deals and many more.It offers auctions and personal accounts to give the customers a sense of individuality and personalization encouraging them to visit more often. f) Security Reliability For such sites security is utmost important and in that respectfore it can be said that Security and Privacy Policy for these are very well put unneurotic and are very private and one has to go through various checks and double checks for e-mail and parole verifications. This visits that the website company and you have the right passwords and e-mail addresses for your privacy and protection.They also have protects programming on their sites to ensure that no one can get you password, e-mail address, and most important your honorable mention post-horse number (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). g) Successful achievement One of the many highlighted features of the website is that very recently Amazon. com is to Webcast Investor Conference Presentation Morgan Stanley Technology Conference ( production line News, 2007) which is considered to be a enormous achievement for the organization along with earning million of dollars of revenue.Another one of its achievements could be the introduction of software called the Amazon S3 which is a simple storage service that offers software developers a highly scalable, reliable, and low-latency data storage infrastructure at very low costs (Amazon Web Services Launches Amazon S3, a Simple Storage Service for kookyware Developers, 2005). ethics and Professionalism in the ICT discipline morals and Professionalism in the ICT discipline talks about the immenseness of the code of ethics in the professional environment not for ones career but for the sustainability of its moral observes.It describes Ethics as Doing good, not doing bad, Not screwing people, Only scr ewing the competition, Letting the competition screw you, Doing things right, Doing the right thing. list Implications These key implications of Ethics in IT are explained with respect to the example of Amazon. com. For such sites security is utmost important and thusly it can be said that Security and Privacy Policy for these are very well put together and are very private and one has to go through various checks and double checks for e-mail and password verifications.This ensures that the website company and you have the right passwords and e-mail addresses for your privacy and protection. They also have protects programming on their sites to ensure that no one can get you password, e-mail address, and most important your credit card number (B2C e-commerce design and performance for Amazon. com, BN. com, Half. com, n. d. ). run a risk Assessment of Ethics in IT Despite the existence of internet over the years, it has still not been able to gain want regarding the transactions online. Amazon.com along with other organization based online for merchandiseing face the challenge of assurance of security to its customers. As for Amazon. com, it failed to provide trust in regard of security to e-commerce project because they did not concern about adept risks. Despite the presence of a huge customer base, a lot of potential customers are hesitant to buy from amazon. com because of this particular reason. However, there is a long procedure regarding the security of credit cards and its personal information which is utilized by many websites present today.Many sites that accept credit cards claim they are secure when they have an encoding certificate. This is where you can see the padlock symbol at the bottom of the screen. The encryption certificate encodes the message with the credit card details when it is sent and the organization issuing the certificate (e,g, Thawte or Verisign) verify the business earlier they issue it. (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Ama zon. com follows the same long procedure of ensuring that the customer feels safe but even therefore there is a lot of chance of stealth of the information and its misutilization mightiness lead to disastrous losses to an individual.This is the idolise that stops the potential customers from entering into the market of internet. If credit card numbers are stored on a server they are still potential targets for a hacking attack. Afferent Media protects its server with anti virus and firewall systems. Its crowning(prenominal) defense though is that it does not store any credit card numbers (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Hence, despite the effort, collectible to adept risk involved Amazon. com is facing the same threat as many other online retailers. Although Amazon.com has electropositive a trustworthy image over the years but when it comes to monetary losses people are hesitant to take risk as the loss incurred might get too huge to counter. This proficient risk can however be countered in order to gain the potential customers that are waffle at the moment. This can be countered if transactions are carried out in real time, in just the same way as an EFTPOS machine. The message is encoded and sent to the bank, if the card passes the checks then funds are transferred directly to the vendor. This is just like when you buy petrol or shop in a supermarket.The vendor swipes your card in and EFTPOS machine, they do not store the card details. (E-commerce Security, n. d. ). Like every weakness, if this factor is also address in its early stages it might not even classify as a problem and may be included in one of the challenges but the more Amazon. com delays it, the more it might lead to accident and reduction of customer base. It has the advantage that the solution has already been identified, therefore the company just needs to in corporeal this procedure in its security e-commerce procedure and keep proper checks and balances over a period of time an d the job is done.Once the authenticity of the procedure is verified, it would not be hard for customer to develop trust in the online services. Despite the overall success of the organization, there are still factors that it needs to counter before the issues convert into real threat to the existence of the organization. The security factor is always vital in e-commerce as no customers would want to risk their monetary gains for shopping online. Lean Thinking Lean Thinking is a presentation which defines the importance of customers with the help of practical examples taken from different scenarios.It also takes into account the impact of repute on customers choice and the importance of value in a product. Key Implications McDonalds is a world wide known brand and hence it is famous and loved all around the world for its customer hospitality. A fast food chain, so customer friendly has also made use of the IT sources which is explained as further. The company is a fast food chain across the world known by the name of McDonalds. It is world renowned and is among the top most fast food chains across the globe. It has different kinds of fast foods in its menu ranging from rapid on-the-go burgers to healthy breakfasts and other food items.The organization is known for its character reference and variety in food across the globe along with paying its full due to the corporate and social responsibility to the members of the society. Our organization not only is concerned about regular people who are health or weight conscious but also make sure that people with veritable individual problems are also given attention to. The stainless nutrition information is available on its website and can be completely relied on as it is taken from from testing conducted in accredited laboratories, create resources, or from information provided from McDonalds suppliers.The nutrition information is based on standard product formulations and parcel sizes. All nutrition informa tion is based on average values for ingredients from McDonalds suppliers throughout the U. S. and is round to meet current US FDA NLEA guidelines (McDonalds USA, 2006). Despite of enjoying the top most notches in most of the countries we are present in it is made sure that the organization does not lag in its due responsibility towards its customers, employees or the society it caters to which is evident by the brochure of Corporate Responsibility by McDonalds.This brochure is known as The McDonalds USA Corporate Responsibility Brochure and another terce worldwide corporate responsibility history has been published recently in 2006. It has the ability to adapt to sylvan to country environment and culture. It pays utmost importance to kids and their meals and therefore because of that reason we have specialized meal for children as well. These meals are set with kids preferences in mind and offers incentive such as toy gifts which children can enjoy along with their respective m eals. Capabilities and Potential with Risk AssessmentMcDonalds is known for its customer service and for increasing indulgence in the technology sector as well. McDonalds has some of Information technology involved in its procedures as well as to offer to the customers. As a Manager it is very important to be well equipped and well informed regarding the experience of the on-going dynamics in the information technology sector of the country. The advancement of the organization in the information technology sector is indicated by the fact that it offers one of the most novel technologies of the information system which is the McDonalds radio receiver Connectivity.It offers Wi-Fi service to its customers so that they can even bring their work to McDonalds along with enjoying a good meal. Its not just limited to United States which is one of the most technologically equipped country of the world but 7,000 outlets around the globe. We believe in giving the best to our customers and Wi- Fi is a part of it as We believe in bringing you innovative and convenient services that enhance your McDonalds restaurant visit, and Wi-Fi is a perfect example.As McDonalds continues to deliver fast and friendly food service at more than 30,000 convenient locations around the world, you can now enjoy the possibility of staying connected with friends, family and co-workers (McDonalds Wireless Connectivity, 2006). Apart from this, our organization has even stepped in introducing a technology that would bring into use the real time network used by huge and well-known places such as Wal-Mart. In order to manage its hardware and software in different location across the globe, it took help of the Fujitsu Philippines Incorporation to implement a system the system.The system is called Help Desk which enables in the monitoring of the stemma system and the circumspection of the SMS and documents. Due to Help Desk the technical support service now take half(prenominal) the time it previou sly did. (McDonalds Philippines remediates customer service via technology, 2007). Due to high volume of sales of McDonalds around the globe, the manual(a) or low level storing data system is not anymore a product of efficiency for the organization. Therefore, it has moved a step forwards and The PC POS system replaced proprietary computer registers that delivered information to in-store processors.These computers are a McDonalds restaurants black box, recording information on operations such as an individual stores chalk up sales for the day, and the number of patties, buns, cups and other products used, and delivering it back to the McDonalds mainframe systems in Oak Brook each nighttime over a modem connection (Food, Folks and Forecasting, 2006). We as Managers also make use of this technology to place orders to the suppliers for replacement as well, hence making tasks easier for everyone of storing the large bulks of information everyday.The Future of Business Information f ormation The Future of Business Information administration talks about the consultancy by Dennis Keeling. It takes into account the trends in business cycle, the types of business applications and the industry changes. It talks about different operating systems and system designs and data file structure. Key Implications of The Future of Business Information System The most upcoming trend in the in store(predicate) is outsourcing. Outsourcing is a trend that has recently become very popular among the multi-million and multi-billion organizations around the world.Outsourcing often refers to the delegation of non-core operations from knowledgeable production to an external entity specializing in the management of that operation (Wikipedia, n. d. ). There are various functions of an organization that are not the main operations and therefore can be sourced to other parties such as Business segments typically outsourced include information technology, human resources, facilities and real estate management, and accounting. Many companies also outsource customer support and call center functions, manufacturing and engineering (Wikipedia, n. d. ).There are several reasons why one would outsource their operations to an outside party, which might include the get of exploiting specious labor in case of triad world countries or utilizing the efficiency of specialized expertise in a particular field of work. Outsourcing might also involve reducing the cost even it effects their flavor to a slight extent. IT outsourcing helps improve the efficiency of IT department as after outsourcing there is special attention given by an entire group people to only one operation, hence in return increasing its importance and therefore its efficiency.IT outsourcing might also be done due to cost reduction by utilizing brains that are unstrained to work for less as compared to the human resource that is present domestically. Along with a lot of benefits in outsourcing, there come s a bucket full of criticism as well. The critics believe that outsourcing reduces the quality of the operation outsourced hence reducing the overall performance of the organization. Hence, it is believed that organizations reduce their cost by compromising on their quality and exploiting cheap labor by outsourcing.On the other hand proponents of outsourcing believe that arguing that outsourcing leads to lower product quality is pointless because if it were true, consumer demand will force firms to shift back to producing the good or service in-firm rather than out-firm (Wikipedia, n. d. ). Risk Assessment regarding Future of IT With respect to outsourcing, the possible risk or problems that IT could face in the future are as explained further. There are different outsourcers depending to where they are located.They include three kinds that are outsourcing, onshore outsourcing and offshoring. Although these terms are used as a replacement of the other but their meaning is differen t from one another. Outsourcing is the allocation of an organizations operation to another responsible party. Now the difference lies in the presence of this third party, that is, if the third party is located outside the soldiery country, it is known as onshore outsourcing.While on the other hand, offshoring is when an operation of an organization is taken to another country without transferring control to the third party. Hence the difference is of transfer of control to another party, that is, the power remains within the organization in case of offshoring while in offshore outsourcing it is transferred to the third party. In case of IT offshore outsourcing, the main country that receives the majority deals is India due to its IT success in recent years with able IT graduates and world-renowned IT universities present in India. varied problems might occur due to the location of the outsourcer, that is, in case of offshore outsourcing, the cost of checks and balances, transporta tion, dealing across distances might end up being equal or surpassing the cost cut that is the purpose of outsourcing. Hence, nullifying the effect of outsourcing with the cost incurred for distant dealing. One issue offshoring of technical services has brought more attention to is the value of education as an alleged solution to trade-related displacements (Wikipedia, n. d. ).The foreign location of the outsources in case of offshore outsourcing and the exapanding of business globally in case of offshoring might also be subject to crticism due to the reason that it causes the host country to suffer with opportunities travelling to other countries rather than being available to others. Hence, along with certain positive outcomes, outsources is subjected to a sufficient amount of criticism as well. In order to counter the crticism, it would have to scrutinze itself and sequester such drawbacks. Weaknesses in Current Information Technology CapabilitiesHowever, the McDonalds journey m ay be chop-chop piteous towards the success ladder but there are several pitfalls that have occurred in its Information System and its capabilities. For us as managers, it is very important to identify those pitfalls and rectify them as soon as possible in order to avoid any forthcoming problems or issues. The technological world is an extremely rapidly evolving environment, with information becoming obsolete after a certain period of time. Hence, it is very important for the Managers to take that into account and be on the constant guards to protect their image.Wi-Fi is a very innovative and healthy technology but in those countries that are well equipped to support this kind of technology and the citizens prefer to have it in a restaurant. As per a managements perspective, to implement it in a country like Bangladesh or Pakistan, where there isnt much knowledge of technology among the masses, would not only be unfeasible but also irrelevant expenditure. As for the PC POS System implemented, it does save time but being a Manager it is very important to receive the detailed information to further process it for other uses which it failed to do.The data that is batch-dumped to the McDonalds mainframe system in Oak Brook every night doesnt offer the detail McDonalds executives needed and, worse, took as long as a week to be compiled analyzed and distributed to managers who would then order more patties, buns, etc. from McDonalds vendors. Hence, it needs to take that into account as well. Professional Presentations Requirement of Soft Skills All the organization of such calibre are required to have high aptitude military group in it with the presence of hard skills as well as soft skills.In order to sell your product, one has to make sure that its presentation and the its communication is up to the mark. The more the people are convinces the more is the popularity of the product or service meant to be. It is very important for a professional to possess the sk ills of speaking well and hiring such professional can be a tedious process but all the effort is worth it. Hiring is a very difficult process it takes a lot of time, patience, and money. Gone were the days when management only looks for technical skills alone, now, they are more focused with soft skills referring to non technical skills of an individual.What are soft skills? accord to Mannering (1998) they are considered to be harder to identify, to distinguish. Ironically, for many managers, the soft skills are the hard skills. Ask anyone who has had to manage change, deal with organisational politics, or build a disparate group of people into an effective team (Holbeche, 2006). Platinum skills are developed through training and delegation, active listening, giving and receiving feedback, and creating a motivational environment. (Topchik, 2004). Companies Who Values Soft Skills Fujitsu hithers an excerpt from an article Hi-tech soft skills IT Training Jan2007Fujitsu Services has set up an international Management Academy, headed by Paula Graham (right), to help IT professionals brush up on their interpersonal skills As they procession up the career ladder, many IT professionals could find themselves at a crunch point. They have been hired and value primarily for their technical and engineering abilities, but as they become more senior they will be expected to adopt more custodial and managerial responsibility over junior colleagues. But where, along the way, were they supposed to have picked up these managerial and interpersonal skills?IT giant Fujitsu Services is tackling the problem of helping the technical person be a better people manager with a new company-wide experiment in delivering soft skills training at leadership level. This programme is about raising the bar on the organizations people management skills, adds Jeremy Hill, London-based managing director of training partner DIEU. Fujitsu employees are comprised mostly of IT professionals, yes they have all the various technical skills that needed to become one of their programmers, and they keep on giving other technical trainings in order to stay competitive and knowledgeable on diverse IT trends.And yet, management feels they lack something, they need to brush up with communication skills. Employees needed to be more effective communicators they need to get their message across clearly with the people they are dealing with. Communication is very essential and powerful woodpecker not everybody has the knock off communication skills, and essentially improvement on this part will have a big impact both for employees and their company.

Patriot Act Essay Example for Free

patriot sham EssayAn forge was created in the dark days following the terrorist attacks against the get together States on September 11, 2001. It was created to allow the agencies of law enforcement and intelligence to have more authority in localise to prevent any future attacks by terrorists on the unite States. Additionally, it made available monitoring tools inside the United States to aggressively address the Bush administrations domestic war on terrorism. The draft title of the twist was Uniting and Strengthening the States by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism run of 2001. However, today it is better known as the USA patriot Act. The Patriot Act was responsible for drastic changes in over 15 important government and constitutional statues. All which lead to the increase top executive of the government and law enforcement to secretly monitor, conduct surveillance, and investigate anyone at anytime. Previous to September 11, 20 01 there were several(prenominal)(prenominal) attempts by the Republican Party to allow for the electronic surveillance of citizens within the United States however these comestible were highly criticized as being anti-constitutional and therefore anti-American.It was this atomic number 53 numeral of terrorism which promoted Congress to tear apart the rights granted to e real citizen in the United States Constitution and allow the rights of privacy to be completely subordinated. When asked why, congressional officials always cite the 9/11 terrorists attacks. Even the former White Ho ingestion stern Podesta challenged their decisions stating that the scourge events of 9/11 emotionally pressured the members of Congress to agree to allow new legal implements to help run the terrorists.He continues But we should not forget what gave rise to the original opposition- many aspects of the bill increase the fortune for law enforcement and the intelligence community to return to an er a where they monitored and sometimes harassed individuals who were merely exercising their archetypal Amendment rights. After the establishment of the specific content of the Patriot Act, congress was apt(p) plainly a single week to pass the act. John Ashcroft not only had a time limit but too required there would be absolutely no changes to the act.Several congressman headed by the the Vermonts Patrick Leahy did convince the plane section of Justice to make some changes and piecemeal members of Congress worked together and improvements were made. The process was not fast comme il faut for John Ashcroft and he pressured Congress and the public by repeatedly warning that additional terrorists attacks were upon the United States and only Congress had the power to stop them by passing the Patriot Act. At that point all the revisions to the act were taken away and was passed. The Act was passed 35766 in the House of Representatives.President Bush signed the Patriot Act into law on 26 October, 2001. What is most(prenominal) baffling about the Patriot Act is very few people can in reality explain what the Patriot Act is and what is says. John Ashcroft on several occasions tried to explain exactly what the details of the Patriot Act is Prosecutors will seek discriminative authority to intercept communications related to an expanded list of terrorism-related crimes such as the development, possession, or use of chemical or biological weapons financial transaction with a terrorist government or providing material run to terrorists or terrorist organizations.Investigators will use roving wiretaps to intercept communications and thereby thwart the ability of terrorists to dodge surveillance by switching phones or communication devices. Investigators will now aggressively pursue terrorists on the internet. The legislation permits investigators to obtain senders and receivers e-mail addresses just as it is done with telephone surveillance. Terrorists employ sophisticated technologies to beleaguer detection and the legislation updates the law to the technology. Investigators will use search warrants to obtained unopened voice mail and e-mail. However, the most important parts of the Patriot Act were left out of his description. Under the stipulations of the act, obtaining warrants are much easier. It in like manner approves unspecified search warrants to be used without notification. These particular components are in direct contrast to those given to all citizens in the Fourth Amendment which gives protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. The the real power the Patriot Act is in the subpoena. This allows the authorities to search and find credit card and bank account information of any venture terrorists on the world wide web.This will allow investigators to identify the terrorist who hides behind a fictitious internet name. The question remains how does the government determine who is a potential terrorist or not- c ould it be you or me? The righteousness is there is no defined methodology. Therefore, this allows the FBI to indian lodge anyoneto turn over anythingfor anyreason. These pieces of information can accept library records, medical records, business records, emails, and student information. This is legal as long as the FBI believes the information will help in an authorized investigation.This is extremely vague and all inclusive. This is a clear impact of privacy rights outlined in the Constitution. The Patriot Act continues that only a single courtroom order is needed to do a communication search that is world wide. Under normal circumstances the court order is only effective in the judicial district it was initiated in. It continues Law enforcement and intelligence committees will share information on terrorist activities and thus better coordinate their efforts to prevent terrorism. It is obvious that the Patriot Act is actually a secret tool which can be used against terrorism but can overly be used anytime against anyone the government feels necessary. Mark Corallo of the Department of Justice, was quoted as saying The Patriot Act was not meant to be just for terrorism. An article in Newsweek has reported that the government had used the provisions set up in the Patriot Act, to investigate 1000 people who have had absolutely no terrorisms connection. Many critics bleed a comparisons to Orwells 1984 in which the ecumenic public was constantly monitored.Tampering with the founding document of the United States is a bad idea and no matter how many times the President of the United States states that The Patriot Act defends our liberty, it solely is not true. Benjamin Franklin, a great American thinker, said decades ago Those who are spontaneous to give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety be neither liberty nor safety. By passing and using the Patriot Act we are giving up our liberty for safety and in this case pseudo it is safet y. The Patriot Act allows the government to treat either citizens as a potential terrorist.Based on that idea the government has the legal ability to question, search, and abide anyone. In recent months the Patriot Act has been renewed temporarily. However, it is clear that both members of Congress and the general creation have lost faith and confidence in George Bush in his actions and words. There are a number of outspoken critics of the Patriot Act including the American Civil Liberties Union who believed that the Act gives the attorney general and federal law enforcement unnecessary and permanent new powers to violate civil liberties and these infringements go way beyond those necessary for fighting terrorism.Many congressional officials who voted for the act in 2001 believe they made a mistake. John Kerry has been extremely open of his opinion that the Patriot Act was misrepresented and misused by the government. To be passed again, the Patriot Act must have substantial cha nges which will restore those rights granted to all American citizens. In fact there are almost no supporters of the Patriot Act as is, excluding those directly mingled the Bush Administration.The governmentally run site which lists the reasons why the Patriot Act is beneficial lists the reasons why the act improves counter-terrorism efforts. They list four reasons including the following the ability to readily investigate organized crime and the trafficking of drugs, allows information to be shared between governmental intelligence agencies, addresses new technology which is used in potential terrorist organizations, and increased the criminal punishment for terrorist activities.They also had the audacity to include on their web pages quotes of the Declaration of Independence as support for the the constitutionally debilitating provisions of the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act not only contradicts the United States Constitution but makes a mockery of the the hard work our founding f athers did to secure liberties for all of America and its citizens. By enacting into law our governmental officials took way our unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.Our actions in the passing of the Patriot Act, the mistreatment of those who simply look like terrorists, and our self righteous behavior abroad in Iraq supports the idea that the United States is gradually becoming what killed all those people on September 11th, 2001 a terrorist nation. And how long will the world face and placidly watch America reek the same devastation worldwide?

European Court of Justice - Free

European approach of evaluator Free Movement of Persons EssayFrom previous(predicate) on it became clear to close observers of the EU that the role and ascertain of law were going to be critical in anchoring EU policy regimes. If the ratified trunk could understand a high rate of compliance, a way of giving authoritative interpretation to disputed texts, and a means of redress for those for whom the law was created, then the EU routine as a whole would ingest solidity and a predictability that would help it to be sustained. The ECJ was established in the first accordance texts these take a shit been about unchanged since then, except to cater for the increasing workload and successive enlargements of the EU instalmentship.The ECJ, sited in Luxembourg, is now dispassionate of fifteen judges, as well as the nine advocates-general who deliver preliminary opinions on guinea pigs. The SEA in 1986 established a second Court of First Instance, composed now of fifteen ju dges, to help in handling the heavy flow of grands. The EU has thus fewwhatthing like a supreme court, able to supply an whollywherearching framework of jurisprudence, as well as to deal with litigation, both in cases referred via the theme courts and in those that atomic number 18 brought straight off before it.The Courts sanctions ar mostly the force of their own rulings, backed up in some instances by the ability to impose fines on those (usually companies) found to have broken EU law. The T EU gave the ECJ power to fine member governments for non-application of European law. Also, as a result of its own rulings (especially adept of the Factortame cases on fisheries see Chapter 13), damages can be claimed against governments that fail to implement European law correctly. The Courts take their cases in usual, entirely reach their judgments in underground by, if necessary, majority votes the results of their votes ar non do public, and minority opinions argon not issued.A series of key cases has, since the early 1960s, established important principles of European law, such as its supremacy over the law of the member states, its direct effect, a doctrine of proportionality, and an early(a) of non-discrimination. In doing so the ECJ has gone further in clarifying the rule and the role of law than had specifically been laid slew in the treaties. In some policy domains court cases have been one of the key forces in underdeveloped EU policy regimes. Table 1. summarize the pattern and volume of cases before the Court.Table 1 tonic cases at the European Court of Justice, 1972-1997 (no.) (five-year, periods, Since 1972 five-year 1992-1997 each year given)Subject-matter Cases 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 until 1971 Agriculture and993661838119821065706066fisheriesTransport32451410115311Taxation2712935202125363361Free driving of533255645335886795061goods and customsCompetition and386104234543520352845state aidsFreedom of32412122047 344639establishmentand to provide goFree movement for3711191735495944547051workers and heartypolicyEnvironment151111425947Rest a2162144234329265434Staff of EU268232585779105151314institutions bOther(ECSC, EAEC,2527119413415privileges andimmunities)All89582162348395d438486c347409420444a Inc. common commercial policy and cases under agreements with tertiary countries.b These atomic number 18 contract and social security cases of EU elegant servants, mostly dealt with by Court of FirstInstance created in 1989, except for appeals to ECJ.This strong legal belongings has a large influence on the policy process. Policymakers pay great attention to the legal moment of the texts that they devise policy advocates look for legal rules to achieve their objectives, because they know that these are favoured by the institutional system policy reformers can some judgment of convictions use cases to alter the impact of EU policies and in general in that location is a presumption that rules g o forth be oft or less obeyed. Hence policy-makers have to submit carefully between treaty articles in determining which legal base to use, and to consider car Efully which resistant of legislation to make (Reich Harbacevica, 2003).Regulations are directly applicable within the member states once promulgated by the EU institutions. Directives have to be transposed into content law, which allows some flexibility to member governments, but within limits set by the ECJ. Decisions are more limited legal instruments applied to specific circumstances or specific administerees, as in competition policy. All three kinds of law may be made either by the Commission (under delegated powers), or by the Council, or jointly by the Council and EP (under co-decision). And all are subject to challenge through the national and European courts.The vigour of the European legal system is one of the most distinctive features of the EU. It has helped to reinforce the powers and reach of the EU process, although in recent years the ECJ has become a bit more cautious in its judgments. We should note to a fault that in some policy domains member governments have gone to considerable lengths to keep the ECJ out of the picture. Part of the reason for the three-pillar structure of the T EU was to keep both CFSP and JHA well away from the reach of the European legal system.Even though the ToA goes some way towards incorporating parts of JHA and Schengen more fully within the system, it remains contested how furthermost they will be brought within the jurisdiction of the ECJ. One issue which floats in the debate is how far the other European legal order, based on the European Convention of Human Rights attached to the Council of Europe, is to be linked to the EU, and whether the EU should wed its own lead on Fundamental Rights.The wider institutional settingThe EU institutional system includes in addition a number of additional organizations that have an impact on, or provide instruments for, EU policies. round are consultative. Some provide control mechanisms. Some provide autonomous operating arms.Consultation and lobbyingThe psychiatric hospital treaties established the Economic and Social Committee (and the Consultative Committee for the ECSC) as a point of addition to the policy process for socioeconomic groups. Its creation borrowed from the corporatist traditions in some of the founder member countries. It has not, however, become an potent body in the policy process. Instead socio-economic groups have found their own more direct points of door since the 1960s, both through EU-Ievel federal associations and through sector-specific trade and producer organizations.These became even more active in the period around the development of the single European market (Forder, 2002). Individual large firms have also taken pains to develop links with the EU institutions, again some since the 1960s, but m both more and with more vigour since the early 19 80s. A more recent development has been the increased activity of groups and lobbies representing social interests, the consumers, the environmentalists, womens groups, and increasingly a range of other advocacy groups and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Illustrations of the activities of these different kinds of groups can be found in many of our case-studies (Groenendijk Guild, 2001).The TEU introduced a second consultative body, the Committee of the Regions, in response to the extensive involvement of topical anaesthetic and regional authorities in seeking to influence those EU policies that impacted on them. The Committee provides regional and local politicians from the member states with a multi posterioral forum, and an opportunity to enhance their local political credibility.At least(prenominal) as important, however, is the direct lobbying by infranational (local and regional) authorities, many with their own offices in Brussels. These same infranational authoritie s also utilize in efforts to influence national policy positions and the implementation of conjunction programmes. Chapters 9 and 13 comment on this in relation to the structural funds and the common fisheries policy.Control and scrutinyIn the mid- 1970s tending started to be voiced that the EU policy process was subject to few external controls. The EP at the time had few powers, and national parliaments paid rather little attention to EU legislation and programmes. It was the growing outmatch and scope of the EU budget and spending programmes that led the arguments about the inadequacy of scrutiny.This led to the creation of the European Court of Auditors by the 1975 Budget Treaty. Since 1978 it has, from its seat in Luxembourg, endeavoured to evaluate systematically both revenue-raising and spending. Both in its Annual Reports and in specific reports it has drawn attention to various weaknesses in the budgetary process, as handled by the Commission and national agencies.Here we should note that about four-fifths of EU budgetary expenditure is disbursed by national agencies. Chapter 8 describes some of the Court of Auditors activities and impact. We note here that many of its criticisms fell for many years on deaf ears member governments that were reluctant to face up to some of the issues, an EP that had other preoccupations, and a Commission which repeatedly undervalued the importance of sound fiscal management. In late 1998 this situation was reversed by the row over alleged financial mismanagement by the Commission.Another new instrument of post hoc control is provided by the Ombudsman attached to the EP under the provisions of the TEU. The aim is to provide a channel for dealing with cases of maladminstration vis--vis individuals. Thus far the existence of this office has not had a large impact, although it may have contributed to making the policy process a little more open than hitherto.Some control and scrutiny of policy depends on national inst itutions, both parliamentary and financial. National parliaments had no official recognition in the institutional system until the early 1990s. Each member state had developed its own, mostly rather limited, procedures for national parliamentary scrutiny of EU policy. The same discontent that had led to some strengthening of European procedures started to provoke a debate on national scrutiny.Both the T EU and the ToA mention the importance of encouraging this, although there is little likelihood of standardized procedures emerging. Instead it seems likely that EU-level policy-makers, especially in the Commission, will pay more attention to national parliamentary discussions and appear more readily before national parliamentary committees of inquiry. This heightened sensitivity to country-level preoccupations is becoming a more marked feature of the EU policy process. It may well be emphasized by the establishment of national parliamentary offices in Brussels (by September 1999 from Denmark, Finland, France, and the UK).From market citizenship to political and social citizenshipAs mentioned previously, 184 it was at the 1972 Paris Summit that European economic integration was put into a broader perspective of social welfare. Since then, the neo-liberal philosophy that was at the basis of the European Economic Community (and still is, to a large extent, at the basis of the European Community, that is, the first pillar of the amount) was gradually turned into a more socially point philosophy.From a perspective of citizen flops, this means that the objurgates that citizens enjoy by virtue of EC law are no longer only market rights but have been enlarged to include political rights as well, and behind also social rights in the broad sense of the word, that is, rights (and duties) concerned with peoples welfare generally, including work, education, health, and quality of animateness. 185This transformation started with the incorporation, by the Maastricht Tre aty, of a new part II in the EC Treaty, entitled Citizenship of the coupling and composed of Articles 1722 (ex 88e) EC. According to Article 17 (1) EC, citizenship in the substance, complementing and not replacing national citizenship, is established and accorded to every person holding the nationality of a extremity State. The rights enjoyed by Union citizens are, according to Article 17 (2), the rights conferred by the EC Treaty subject to the duties imposed thereby.Those rights are in the first place the internal market libertys (in the pattern of which discrimination on the basis of nationality is prohibited) and related consumer and worker rights specified elsewhere in the treaty. Then, in Articles 18 to 21 EC, a limited number of rights are enumerated, starting with the general right to move and engross freely within the territory of the element States and followed by a number of specific political rights the right to vote and stand as a candidate at municipal and Eur opean Parliament elections, the right to diplomatic protection in a third country, 186 the right to petition the European Parliament and to address complaints to the European Ombudsman. In Articles 3946 of the (as yet non-binding) EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, this list of citizen rights was consolidated, and it was expand with the rights to good administration and access to documents (Peers, 2004).The enumeration of these lists of rights in the EC Treaty, as amended, and in the EU Charter may seem rather symbolic, many of the rights mentioned organism already specified in other treaty provisions. However, the fact should not be overlooked that the rights enumerated in Articles 18 to 21 EC are apt(p) to all citizens, that is, they are unconnected with the exercise of any economic activity. That obviously holds true for the political rights, but it is also becoming increasingly true, as we will see below, for the general right of citizens, established in Article 18 EC, to move a nd reside freely within the territory of the piece States.Among the rights conferred by other treaty provisions are the rights that workers from other member States, and by extension members of their family (so-called dependents), enjoy in the Member State where they work. These rights remain connected, however, to the status of worker in the sense of Article 39 (1) EC (relating to freedom of movement for workers), as interpreted by the ECJ in numerous judgments.It means, in concrete terms, that nationals from one Member State who want to work in another(prenominal) Member State need a sign of the zodiac permit, for which they must produce proof of engagement from an employer. Similarly, family members, whether from a Member State or a third country, must produce proof of their relationship with the worker. it was expanded with the rights to good administration and access to documents.The enumeration of these lists of rights in the EC Treaty, as amended, and in the EU Charter may seem rather symbolic, many of the rights mentioned being already specified in other treaty provisions. However, the fact should not be overlooked that the rights enumerated in Articles 18 to 21 EC are distributeed to all citizens, that is, they are unconnected with the exercise of any economic activity. That obviously holds true for the political rights, but it is also becoming increasingly true, as we will see below, for the general right of citizens, established in Article 18 EC, to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States (Pettit, 1997).Among the rights conferred by other treaty provisions are the rights that workers from other Member States, and by extension members of their family (so-called dependents), enjoy in the Member State where they work. 188 These rights remain connected, however, to the status of worker in the sense of Article 39 (1) EC (relating to freedom of movement for workers), as interpreted by the ECJ in numerous judgments.It means, in concrete terms, that nationals from one Member State who want to work in another Member State need a conformation permit, for which they must produce proof of engagement from an employer. Similarly, family members, whether from a Member State or a third country, must produce proof of their relationship with the worker. 1A financial burden on the host Member State, the students right of residence was directly based on Article 18 EC, with the effect that he was entitled in Belgium to financial assistance available to Belgians. In fact, not only EU citizens but also third-country nationals enjoy social rights under certain conditions, mainly when they are family members of migrant workers, or migrant workers from countries with which the EU has special agreements. In this context, the Mary Carpenter case deserves to be mentioned it concerned the right, under EU law, of the non-EU spouse of a U.K. national to remain with him in the unify Kingdom, despite her having violated immigrat ion rules.The ECJ command in that case that, since the deportation of his spouse (who cared for children from his previous marriage) could adversely affect the husband in the exercise of his (EC) right to provide services in other Member States, the situation fell within the scope of EC law.Furthermore, the Court held that although a Member State may limit the right to provide services on grounds of public policy or public security (as mentioned in Article 46 referring to Article 55 EC), the Member State concerned is sharpness to observe the human rights requirements embodied in EC law, including respect for the right of family life, as laid tweak in Article 8 ECHR. Citing the Boultif judgment of the Court of Human Rights, the ECJ held that the U.K. would be violating the right to respect for family life if it expelled Mrs. Carpenter without a more significant public policy reason than violation of immigration laws.The ECJs case law deriving social rights for Union citizens from the free movement and mansion house right embodied in Article 18 EC raises the delicate issue of how far the ECJ can go in frightful financial burdens on Member State social security systems in the name of solidarity between Union citizens. The issue is underlying many recent judgments, but is most apparent in Baumbast. In that case, the ECJ control that Article 18 (1) EC is sufficiently clear and precise to be directly applicable (and directly effective), and this despite the fact, as pointed out previously, that the article submits the free movement and resident right to the limitations and conditions contained in the treaty and in secondary legislation.The question at issue was whether the U.K. immigration authorities could reject Mr. Baumbasts application for replenishment of his residence permit on the grounds that he and his family were not insured for emergency treatment in the U.K., where the family lived (although they were covered by comprehensive medical insurance in Germany, of which Mr. Baumbast was a national).Such a residence permit is needed under the three EC directives granting rights of residence to categories of persons other than workers. These directives provide that rights of residence are subject to two conditions first, the applicant must possess sufficient resources, and, second, he or she must have comprehensive medical insurance for all risks. It was clear, as the court observed that Mr. Baumbast had sufficient resources, but it was evenly clear that he had no health insurance for emergency treatment within the U.K (Dougan Spaventa, 2003).In its judgment, the ECJ ruled that the refusal of the British authorities was unfounded. It recognized that the requirements in the directives were permissible, being based on the idea that exercise of the Union citizens right of residency can be subordinated to the legitimate financial interests of the Member State, including the fact that foreign nationals should not become an unreasonable burden on the public finances of the host state.Nevertheless, those limitations and conditions, laid down in secondary Community legislation, must be applied in compliance with general principles of Community law, and in particular with the principle of proportionality. The Court then found that to deny Mr. Baumbast residence solely on the grounds that he lacked medical insurance for emergency treatment within the United Kingdom would be a disproportionate interference with the exercise of his residency right under Article 18 (1) EC.ConclusionThe bar with the ECJs case law in this case, but also in other social rights cases, is that the Court, and the EU, cannot simply grant full rights of residency to all its citizens, because it cannot foot the consequent welfare bill, especially in respect of economically inactive individuals. The aspiration towards a supranational form of social citizenship, which many see embodied in Article 18, must therefore remain sensitive to domestic con ceptions of belonging to (and being excluded from) the welfare society. away from this basic question, many other issues of a more specifically legal nature arise, such as which general principles other than proportionality will be permitted to qualify restrictions imposed by secondary Community legislation. The question is most acute with regard to economically inactive and financially dependent persons What are the benefits of Union citizenship for them?Should they not be able to derive residency rights from fundamental rights provisions, such as respect for private and family life and for human dignity? Should these rights not have an impact upon the ability of Member States to expel individuals who would differently be considered an unreasonable burden upon the public purse? A straight answer to that question would be to grant Union citizens who have been lawfully resident in another Member State, for example, at least five consecutive years permanent resident status regardless of their economic or financial status, as is proposed by the Commission in a draft general directive which, if adopted, would replace much of the existing secondary legislation.ReferencesBright Christopher. Business equity in the European Economic Area. Oxford University, 1994Case C-413/99, Baumbast and R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, 2002 ECR I-7091.Case C-60/00, Mary Carpenter v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, 2002 ECR I-6279.Dougan, Michael and Spaventa, Eleanor Educating Rudy and the (Non-) incline Patient A Double-bill on Residency Rights under Article 18 EC, 28 ELRev., 2003, 699712.Forder, Caroline pillar Common Minimum European Standards in Immigration Matters, 9 MJ, 2002, 22129.Groenendijk, Kees and Guild, Elspeth Converging Criteria Creating an Area of Security of manor hall for Europes Third Country Nationals, 3 EJML, 2001, 3759, at 52.Goyder D. G. EC Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 1998Jarvis Malcolm A. The Application of EC Law by National Courts The Free Movement of Goods. Oxford University, 1998Leibfried, Stephan Pierson Paul European Social Policy Between atomisation and Integration. Brookings Institution, 1995Pettit, P. Republicanism A Theory of Freedom and Government (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1997).Peers, Steve Implementing Equality? The Directive On Long-Term Third-Country Nationals, 29 ELRev., 2004, 43760. object for a European Parliament and Council Directive on the Right of Citizens of the Union and their Family Members to Move and Reside freely within the Territory of the Member States COM (2001) 257 final.Reich, Norbert and Harbacevica, Solvita Citizenship and Family on Trial A Fairly Optimistic Overview of Recent Court Practice with Regard to Free Movement of Persons, 40 CMLRev., 2003, 61538.1 The most important of these measures are Council Directive 68/360, containing formal requirements for workers and their family members, and Council Regulation 1612/68, concerning the substantive ri ghts and social advantages that workers and their family members enjoy. Further directives relating to rights of residence granted to categories of persons other than genuine workers are Directive 90/366, replaced later by Directive 93/96, covering students exercising the right of vocational training Directive 90/365, dealing with persons who have ceased to work and catch-all Directive 90/364, governing all those persons who did not already enjoy a right of residence under Community law. These three residency directives have in common that the persons involved must have adequate resources not to become a financial burden on the social assistance schemes of the host Member State and must be covered by sickness insurance. For references, see Craig and de Brca, n. 36 above, 756. The scope of these directives was reconsidered by the ECJ in its Grzelczyk and Baumbast judgments mentioned later in the text.