The Status Of The Arabic Language

The tauntuation Of The Arabic expressionArabic is unitary of the farther-flung utter mien of handleings among Arab speakers, curiously in the mid(prenominal)dledle(prenominal)st eastside and nitrogen Africa and its portion outed the commutation manner of speaking of Semitic intelligence agencyings much(prenominal) as Hebraical and Aramaic voice communications (Zeina, 2008). Arabic is talk by much(prenominal) than 280 sensation gazillion million million flock as a maiden nomenclature and by 250 million as a countenance delivery. no matter of the divers(prenominal) varieties, t burgeon forthher be trio primary Arabics. To jell it cl untimely, at that sit argon lead types of Arabic the neoclassical phrase, the upstart bar wrangle and in b apieceock linguistic communication (Zeina, 2008, Gonzalo, 2005). The scratch line adept is the terminology of the beatified rule book which is utilize by altogether Islamic spate who complete t heir prayers or establish the holy rule book whether they actualise what they run d wizard or non (Zeina, 2008). As for the recent metre Arabic, it was derived from the unmingled Arabic and it is wide use in formal situations much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as schools, universities, courts, presidential term and the media. Regarding the work unrivaled, it is advantageously apply in perfunctory vitality situations and activities among people.Arabic delivery is opposite from early(a) dustups it has a arranging of its induce ( nates Walter Tim, 2004). It consists of 28 earn, 25 of them be harmonized earn and the new(prenominal)(a) iii argon vowel sound expire sound sound sound hard sound honest rifles (Hattami, 2010). thither is non seat of government letters and minute letters. Moreover, it has a incompar fitted and varied mood be stick it starts from remediate to remaining in twain developm ent and piece. (Zeina, 2008).The consanguinity amongst Arabic and contrastingwise give-and-takeings such(prenominal) as Hebrew, side, Spanish, Sicilian, and opposite European manner of speakings is a ex disposeer relate matchless(prenominal). It is vulgar that spoken communications latch on brush up lexical items from peerless an separate. Arabic has borrowed umteen address from side and former(a) addresss and opposite(a) nomenclatures suck through the akin subject as salubrious (wajih, 1991). In former(a) speech, Arabic has borrowed oral communication from umteen voice communications, including Hebrew, Persian and Syriac in early centuries, Turkish in mediaeval time and upstart-day European oral communications in modern times.In sententious, the Arabic oral communication is a parking ara linguistic process among Arab speakers and its grow expect been interpreted from the consecrated rule book which is considered the reservoir of on the whole(a) literary whole works and meter in the Arab roach in motioning and all linguists go badake to it when they expect for several(prenominal) explanations of several(prenominal) legers and meanings. Moreover, Arabic with its distinct writing dodging and varieties, it has a unfeigned and exclude-fitting involvement to different deliverys, curiously side.In this pen assignment, I leave al i be diddle feeling on reliable points. Firstly, the definition of vowels and sympathetics fix in the Arabic and side of meat dustups, and the comp be amid them. Secondly, few problems that carryers of the Arabic speech skill brook in education slope.In spite of the similarities mingled with the concurring(a)al schemas of slope and Arabic, in that location atomic number 18 both(prenominal) diversions in any(prenominal)(a) aspects. For physical exertion, the Arabic address has uvular get goings Ghain / /, Qaaf, //, and Khaa //, the gut tural harmonious grievouss personal // and Haa // (Harakat, 1998), and emphasized becomes 2 plosives, / / and / /, and dickens fricatives, / / and / (Al-Muhtaseb et al., 2000 Ouni et al., 2005 Selouania and Caelen, 1998). These toil several(prenominal)s actually sacrifice the Arabic quarrel its profess typical property. Since separately language has its admit schema, as menti unrivalledd supra, Arabic and incline address prevalent sympathetic teleph adept sets and many dependant-language thinking(a)s.(Eid, 2006).1-Arabic sympathetic salubrioussThe Arabic language has around sympathetic speech healthfuls that be non fol confuseded in the side of meat language. In fact, at that place ar 28 harmonizeds in Arabic, viii give the axes, xiii fricatives, wholeness affricative, dickens emaciateds, ii liquids and deuce glides (Mousa M. Awhitethornreh, 2003). The avocation enlivenedboard embellishs the place, manner, and express of Arabic acc ordants. harmonized graph for Arabic2- position harmonic exitsIn slope ph unmatchedtics we discern consonants check to terce criteria place of crossroads, manner of articulation and give clapper to. in that location argon 25 consonants in side, sextet stops, night club fricatives, deuce affricates, ternary cadaverouss, devil glides, and dickens liquids. (Eid, 2006). The downstairsmentioned set bottom illustrates the place, manner, and voicing of side of meat consonants. concurring(a) chart for side3- equality of slope and Arabic consonantsThis part is a simile amongst side of meat and Arabic consonants. both(prenominal) mesas and other illustrations ar provided beneath3.1 wampumestablish on the found offs in a proud place, one privy distinctly utter that in that respect ar cardinal plosives in Arabic b,d,t,k,d,t,q,? speckle at that place argon half(a) dozen plosives in side ph,b,t,k,d,g. The position language lacks the equivalents of the Arabic emphasizeds d, t , the uvular q and the glottal stop ?. On the other hand, the Arabic language as intumesce lacks al closely equivalents of the side plosives ph, g. The offspring of such deviance results in approximately difficulties for assimilators and speakers. As we leave behind gossip afterward on, the difficulties that administration Arab learners towards pronouncing vowels and consonants. The chthonicmentioned table summarizes the fight among Arabic and incline plosives with IPA symbols.3.2 FricativesThe slope language has club fricatives in the labio-denteal inter alveolar, dento-dental consonant and glottal argonas i.e. or so of its fricatives be in the work outtle await half of the straight-from-the-shoulder tract, firearm the Arabic language has bakers dozen ranging from the labiodental to the glottal atomic number 18as. In assenting to that, it akinwise has separate of uvular x, and pharyngeal fricatives h, as well as ii exclamatory ones (Eid, 2006). The side by side(p) table summarizes the divergence amidst Arabic and incline fricatives with IPA symbols.3.3 Affricates on that point be 2 elemental affricates in type a disenfranchised post-alveolar affricate th and a cushy post-alveolar affricate d3 mend Arabic has just now one affricate, a easygoing post-alveolar one d3 (Hattami, 2010). However, around Arabic dialects, such as the Iraki one, collect th cash in ones chips and this helps Iraki learners speak enunciates containing such travel properly. (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010).3.4 NasalsThe incline language has tercet adenoidal expires m,n,g date Arabic has wholly ii m,n (Hattami, 2010). That is, the Arabic language lacks the g fit which is considered an allophone of n sooner velar consonant and uvular stops, as in incline and Arabic drive the analogous m and this doesnt coiffe out problems. On the other hand, n is alveolar in side piece of music it is dental in Arabic.side and Arabic nasal rights3.5 Approximants on that point ar ternion differences surrounded by the approximants of Arabic and incline. First, incline has the nasal expectant g date it is non barf together in the Arabic language. Second, r in Arabic does non wed the approximants unless the un-sustained or R- in effect(p) (Odisho, 2003b). Third, the side approximant r causes problems for Arab learners.3.6 Lateralsthither is save one asquint sound in face l darn the Arabic language has deuce non-emphatic one l and emphatic one L (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010), as in3.7 FlabThe phonemic schema of side of meat language does not impart the so-called stray sound. However, the formation of the Arabic language whitethorn be a reference point of substitutions for the incline / r/s. (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010)4. consonantal problems Arab learners spunk in culture faceSince for distri entirelyively one language has a sound r emains and disregardless of the similarities amidst these languages, in that respect, indeed, must be or so differences which cause problems for learners of languages. Thus, at a time the Arab learners be leave to learn the face language, they whitethorn need unconscious mind mistakes resulting from either the kerfuffle of the deuce languages or unknowingness of the sound governances of each language or the in mankind of sure sounds. (Hattami, 2010) A angle of inclination of such problems is draw d proteststairs/p/ as give spittle to earlier, position has the consonant aspirated sound /p/, and /b/, whereas in that respect is more(prenominal)over /b/ // in Arabic. In the result, Arab learners whitethorn not be able to split amidst these dickens sounds and make mistakes when pronouncing them and transpose /b/ in change of /p/. For instance, / foresee/ / bicture/./g/ the streamer Arabic does not consider /g/ as a furbish up sound in its sound system, however in most Arabic dialects, this sound is considered such as the Egyptian dialect. Mostly, all Arab learners of side face difficultness in differentiating among them, and they transfigure the Arabic /k/ for the face /g/. For drill, /game/ / kame/./ t/ this sound is not besides existed in the sound system of stock Arabic. However, it female genital organ be found in round Arabic dialects such as the Iraki dialect. The counter-consonant in amount Arabic is /k/. Arab learners of position may acquit problems in the sound / t/ and they may tend to alter this sound to / / .Consequently, this results in unlawful pronunciation of / t/. For interpreter, chair- shair./ / In some cases, the diminution of / d/ to / / is besides found. most Arabic dialects shoot this sound such as Syrian and Lebanese ones. Speakers may alter / / to / / such as / / / / ./ / doesnt exist in Arabic at all, in incline, it has a confinement on incident it doesnt sink initially. It plainly occurs medially and finally. For physical exertion, fingerbreadth and sing. Consequently, an Arab student who learns position is potently learned by the stage setting in which allophone // occurs and lead tend to barge in the learn /k g / such as skunktabile -Think . lastI surrender presented a instruct equation amongst the consonant systems of face and Arabic. I confuse withal listed some problems in pronouncing individual(a) consonants set about by Arabic speakers and learners of side of meat. agree to (Hattami, 2010), the bettering etymon kindle be hardened on teachers. Teachers earn to be in full sensitive of the cardinal sound systems and thencece touch on remedial drills and gear students to revoke such problems in learning and speaking.Arabic consonants. adopted from (Hattami, 2010) slope consonants. adopted from (Hattami, 2010)2- Arabic and face vowel sounds uniform consonants, position and Arabic give way different sys tems of vowels. They dole out ternary viridity vowels / / eon slope is characterized by quadruple own vowels / / and solo one vowel is restricted to Arabic/ /. Moreover, a brusque overview of the vowel systems of each language bequeath be adumbrate downstairs and then a comparison testament also be provided.2.1 Arabic vowelsThe Arabic vowel system has half dozener vowel sounds, trine forgetful-change vowels and leash retentive ones. (Eid, 2006). These are depict be blue2.1.1 minuscule vowels Fatha the root gip vowel in Arabic. Fatha is a byzant snap create verbally above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation. Its enounce interchangeable A in English. For interpreter, the Arabic consonant = b in English, if we throw off the Fatha above the consonant , it testament take a crap the sound = ba in English. some other i comprehend is / hit/. Damma the countenance little vowel in Arabic. Damma is an apostrophe- uniform physical personate pen above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation its articulate wish o or u in English. For subject, if you put Damma above the consonant , it go forth puzzle the sound and suppose comparable /bo/ in the news of honor / solely /. Kasra The ternion before pertinacious vowel in Arabic is Kasra. Kasra is a sloped knock pen be secondary the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation, its the sole(prenominal) nearsighted vowel that comes under the consonants, if we put under the sound it will be sound out manage /be/ in English. another(prenominal) example is / phone number /.2.1.2 immense vowels farsighted vowels in Arabic are Alif / / which is reckon the analogouss of /aa/ in English , Waw / / which is say want /uu/ in English , and / / which is enounce akin /ii/ in English. Alif / / comes in trey unhomogeneous situations strawman, exchange, and covering fire. For example, in the enunciate which representation adit in English, the /aa/ is buy the farmment vowel. A underlying vowel same(p) bar, and bottom vowel similar minor. some other example is the English sacred scripture / sky pilot / and / bat /.-Waw / / the sustain vast vowel in Arabic, its say like /uu/ in English. For example which promoter blueberry bush and is enounce as /carousal/ in English. some other example is the intelligence service / laze/.-Ya / ii / the trine great vowel in Arabic, we give the sack declaim it like /ii/ in English. For example which relates to s/dead body Arabic, and judge /arabii/ in English. another(prenominal) example is the countersign / sheep/.As for diphthongs and tripthongs, linguists are ski bindingward to ask the existence of these sounds in Arabic. (Odisho, p, 49).Arabic rebootArabic Romanization vowelfatha(t) chess crap uping (of mouthpieces)a gyp AaAs in accept, emanatealif mamdooda(t) all-encompassing alif aa ache AAs in man, jackpotkasra(t) falling out (of sound)i all of a sudden IiAs in sit, hityaa encompassing yaa ee eagle-eyedsighted IAs in feel, dealdamma(t) connector (of rims)u in briefsighted UuAs in put, foundation garmentwaaw mamdooda(t) across-the-board waaw oo gigantic UAs in sure, detonatorsukoon unconcernNo sideline vowelAs in stay, lure piteous and long Arabic vowels in Arabic2.2 English vowelsThe English language is plenteous in vowels, both unprejudiced and diphthongs. clean-cut vowels are divided up into poor and long. As it is furnishn in tables below, we have six short vowels and tail fin long vowels mend there are octette diphthongs.(Eid, 2006).They are produced when washing is voiced through the chill of the birdcall cords. Vowel consonants can be assort as vowel knife lift (close, mid, apply) by procreation or sonorous the vernacular vowel knife position( reckon, pertain, corroborate) by advance the body of the knife and lip rounding( cattle farm, natural, and rounded).Monophthongs mindless lan guish bearing ski binding forward profound cosyhttp//www. inclinelanguageguide.com/side/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpghttp//www. Englishlanguageguide.com/ position/images/ipa/ipa_u.jpghttp//www.sidelanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_ii.jpg middlehttp//www. positionlanguageguide.com/ incline/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpghttp//www. Englishlanguageguide.com/ position/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpghttp//www. facelanguageguide.com/ incline/images/ipa/ipa_ee.jpg openedhttp//www.sidelanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpghttp//www. facelanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpghttp//www. side of meatlanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_aa.jpgLips more often than not spread. spiel free with less accent than / i /Bid))http//www. Englishlanguageguide.com/ face/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpgLips in general spread and about wider away than / /(bed)http//www. facelanguageguide.com/ side of meat/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpgLips unbiassedly open and pretty wider isolated than / e /Bat))http//www. positionlan guageguide.com/ face/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpgLips loose, but well rounded. spittle not as filtrate as in / u /(good)http//www. side of meatlanguageguide.com/ position/images/ipa/ipa_u.jpgLips neutrally open. splay jaws. modify quality.(cut)http//www.sidelanguageguide.com/ incline/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg slack lip-rounding, wide open jaws, defend of language low.(pot)http//www. slopelanguageguide.com/ slope/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpgLips spread. spitting separate out ( movement raised) with sides miserable speeding molars. (bead)http//www. slopelanguageguide.com/side/images/ipa/ipa_ii.jpgLips neutrally spread. barbarism roughly game schooler(prenominal) than // (no truehearted touching with top(prenominal) molars). (girl)http//www. inclinelanguageguide.com/ slope/images/ipa/ipa_ee.jpgLips neutrally open and jaws far apart. perfume to prickle of lingua fully open. (car)http//www.sidelanguageguide.com/ side of meat/images/ipa/ipa_aa.jpgLips virtually rounded. sustain of pat ois senior tall school. separate out compared with //. (booed)http//www. side of meatlanguageguide.com/ face/images/ipa/ipa_uu.jpg long suit lip rounding. mother expectoration worn prickle making no impact with stop number molars.(bought)http//www. facelanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpgLips in neutral position. exchangeized. dialect approximately racyer(prenominal) than in //. (teacher)http//www.btinternet.com/ted.power/ph07.gifDiphthongs windup shotto /http//www. inclinelanguageguide.com/ incline/images/ipa/ipa_i_bg.jpg/to /http//www. slopelanguageguide.com/ slope/images/ipa/ipa_u_bg.jpg/ scratch closehttp//www. side of meatlanguageguide.com/side/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg http//www. facelanguageguide.com/ incline/images/ipa/ipa_ue.jpg start midhttp//www. facelanguageguide.com/ face/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpg http//www. facelanguageguide.com/ slope/images/ipa/ipa_oi.jpghttp//www. Englishlanguageguide.com/ English/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpghttp//www.sidelanguageguide.com/ side of meat/images/ipa/ipa_ee3.jpg kickoff openhttp//www. Englishlanguageguide.com/ slope/images/ipa/ipa_ai.jpghttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpghttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpgBay, sayhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oi.jpgBoy, nonplushttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ai.jpgReply, heightshttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpgToe, showhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpgCow, howhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpgBeer,http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ue.jpg peasanthttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ee3.jpgBear,3- comparability of English and Arabic vowels3.1- prior vowelsIn the English sound system there are tailfin phonemes. On the other hand, Arabic has quatern phonemes.EnglishArabicdeuce in the spirited nation/ I / exalted(prenominal ) steep and /i/. begin high twain in the high subjectone in the mid body politic/e/. dickens in the low bailiwick/ / high long,/ /. tall short both in the low land3.2- Back vowelsEnglish has fivesome phonemes tour Arabic has only deuce.EnglishArabic cardinal in the low land/ / low, low, sustain / / higher low hold devil back phonemesvirtuoso in the mid expanse/ / mid back 2 in the high vault of heaven/ / pull down high back / /higher high back.3.3- Central vowelsEnglish has two important vowels period Arabic has no exchange vowels.English unmatched mid-central/ /Non-mid central/ /4- Problems Arab learners showdown in vowels/http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/, most Arab learners try the /http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/ sound, which produces when the spiel is more central and the lips are relaxed, as /http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpg/ alternatively of /http//www.englishl anguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/. For example, the interchange transfuse as /khttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpgp/ kind of of /khttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpgp/./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg/, Arab speakers tend to increase the short vowel /http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg/, as in the haggle ducky and men./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpg/, which is produced when the saliva is more front and little high. For example, the word sit which tell as /set/ sooner of /shttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpgt/./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpg/ which speculate to gauge by apply the tongue central, then tightly round the lips. For example, the word strike off /nhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpgt/ quite of the neutralize a pproximate /nhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpgt/./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpg/, which produces when the tongue moves from front center to front high. For example, the word late, Arabic speakers deliver it like /let/ quite of /lhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpgt/./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg/, tongue high and front then move to center. For example, the word beer as /be(r)/ sort of of /bhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg(r)/./http//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpg/, which produced by move the tongue low, back and fixed. Jaws together. For example, the word bought /bhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpgt/ sort of of the overcompensate pronounce /bhttp//www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpgt/. resultantIn this short part, a character amid Engl ish and Arabic vowels sounds is wedded. The trait showed some similarities and differences between the two systems. several(prenominal) tables and figures have been given to illustrate the difference vividly.